Under the Mango Tree by Hugh Aaron - 4693 Words

UNDER THE MANGO TREE by Hugh Aaron ONE would think we were a couple of returning heroes. â€Å"Americanos, Americanos,† the naked children shouted, zigzagging like circus clowns in mad circles around us as Billiard Ball and I ambled abreast down the beaten path through the shade of the green canopy. Heavy duffel bags hanging from our shoulders were laden with gifts: bottles of beer, cartons of cigarettes, cans of fruit juice. Repeatedly sweeping past us like zephyrs, each child snatched a bar of sweet chocolate from our extended hands. We were no less boisterous than they, shouting along with them, asking their names, having a good time ourselves, caught up in the infectious joy of their freewheeling abandon. Such was the†¦show more content†¦Although my father had lost the wealth gained during his most vigorous years, and he had lost his daring and capacity to dream for the rest of his life, he never lost his belief in America. In its worst time s the nation somehow provided opportunity for survival. When the meal was over, Anita handed me a sleeping mat, which I unrolled on the floor beside those of my hosts. It was too hot to be out in the high sun of the early afternoon. What could be more sensible than to have a cool siesta? In two hours Anita awakened me from a soft sleep. Lucio had returned to the field, her mother was elsewhere, and her grandmother squatted quietly in a corner weaving a mat. â€Å"My father has asked me to show you the mango tree,† she said. â€Å"Will you come with me, please?† We walked down the path to the highway, at first side by side, but soon she fell behind. â€Å"Am I going too fast for you?† â€Å"No, no,† she said, urging me to keep on ahead. She continued to linger behind. â€Å"Are you tired?† â€Å"No, no,† and she giggled in amusement. â€Å"It’s the custom in Lubao that I walk behind.† Since the concrete highway was blistering, w e walked along the narrow dirt shoulder, which was less hot but still burned through the soles of my GI boots. Anita, barefoot as usual, didn’t seem to mind. Nor, in her white dress and wide brimmed woven hat, did she seem bothered by the afternoon sun beating down on us, while I perspired heavily and had to stop to rest now and then under a tree. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesrights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate

Type-B PDL Free Essays

Type-B PDLs are particularly common in pregnant women among various forms of PDLs classified since Matzumoto first described PDL in 1913 (3). Initially, PDL was classified into four types A to D by Miura (7) and twenty-four years later another class E was added by Selmanowitz et al. (4) Facial PDL has also been well documented and were classified into F, G, and H among the Indian population (8,9). We will write a custom essay sample on Type-B PDL or any similar topic only for you Order Now Type-B PDL can coexist with type-A in a few number of patients (10). It can also occur in the absence of pregnant (2,4). In this cross-sectional study of 220 primigravidae and 220 controls, the age group ranges between 18 to 40 years for both cases and controls. The mean age of the cases and controls were respectively 27.61 Â ± 3.928 (SD) and 26.83 Â ± 4.069 (SD). The highest proportion of participants, more than 75%, recruited for the study belong to the age less than 30 years. The pattern of age distribution in this study is similar to that reported by Kumar et al (11) and Rathore et al (12) in their study of cutaneous changes in pregnancy. This may reflect higher pregnancy rate among the younger age population possibly due to higher fertility rate in this age group. Pigmentary changes in pregnancy is the commonest physiological cutaneous changes witness by pregnant women (13). As many as over 90% in some studies developed one form of pigmentary changes or the other with lots of cosmetic concerns to the patients (13). However, the prevalence of pigmentary demarcation lines (PDL) are low in this studies (11,13)The prevalence of pigmentary demarcation lines in this study varies with increasing gestational age. Type-A PDL was not observed among the pregnant women studied but was noticed in 0.5 percent of the controls group. The proportion of patients with type-B PDL in second trimester was 1.8%, this figure was however doubled 3.6% by third trimesters suggesting the fact that PDL tend to occur more as pregnancy advances attributable to neurogenic inflammation from compression of peripheral nerves S1 and S2 by enlarging uterus (14). This result is similar to 2% earlier reported by Kumar et al (11). However, other researchers have documented lower prevalence than our study. Rathore et al (12) reported 0.25%, Kumari et al (13) 0.3% and Singh et al (6) 0.32% among pregnant population. The higher prevalence observed in this study compare to these previous studies may be due to the fact that our patients were followed up to the third trimester, some of which could have been missed in earlier trimesters without follow up. Besides, type-b PDL are observed to develop more in later part of pregnancy probably as a result of increasing pregnancy hormones. Other possible reasons for discrepancies is the skin phototypes and racial differences of the studied populations as it has been observed to be commoner among Negroes (4). Type-B can also co-exist with type-A PDL although this is an infrequent phenomenon (15). This pattern was evident in this study as one patient had type A and B PDL together for the first time throughout her pregnancy and another one only develop type B co-existing with type-A only in third trimester. This pattern is similar to the findings by Nakama et al (16) and Arunachalam et al (17). The pathogenesis of type B pigmentary demarcation lines is largely unknown (18). The influence of pregnancy hormones such as beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, eostrogen and progesterone has been suggested as one of the possible explanations for the development of pigmentary demarcation lines (19,20). The hormonal theory appeared plausible when the cases in our study are compare with the controls, this was however challenge by the fact that type-B PDL has been reported in amenorrhiec Chinese woman with low estradiol (2) This should further prompt more research to unravel the pathogenesis of PDL.Other types of pigmentary demarcation lines C, D, E and facial PDL F, G, H were not observed in this study. This may probably be due to the fact that skin of negroid pregnant woman present with darker generalized hyperpigmentation that make this types of PDL difficult to discern. Other possible explanations is the close resemblance of facial PDL to melasma, exogenous onchronosis, periorbital hyperpigmentation and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, naevus of Ota or Ito (9,21,22). The pathogenesis of PDL remains controversial with many theories been propounded to explain the enigma. Even though PDL is well classified and accepted, there is no consensus yet on the pathogenesis, possibly multiple mechanism are interacting together to explain the aetiology of PDL. Among these theories are:Familiar clustering – genetic and racial predisposition play a role in the development of PDL as it has been reported to occur among family members and relatives in up to 22.2% of cases (23). Although PDL occurs in all races and skin types it is however commoner among the blacks than Caucasians (24). It is postulated that PDL is dominantly inherited (9). However, none of our patients could give family history of PDL.Atavistic remnant phenomenon- this is an evolutionary throwback in which there is reappearance of a primitive characteristic. This characteristic is an adaptive mechanism in which the more pigmented dorsal surface protects against the effect of ultraviolet radiations and for temperature regulation (9,25).Pigmentary mosaicism- mosaicism occurs when two or more genetically distinct population of cells occur side by side in an individual (26). This is a consequence of structural or functional genetic mutation (27). A classic pattern of cutaneous mosaicism is depicted by lines of Blaschko which has been described in many pigmentary disorders. Krivo proposed cutaneous mosaicism as the possible aetiology of type-b PDL (28). Mosaicism has also been ascribed to familiar clustering and preponderance in females with facial PDL (9).Axial-neural theory- Maleville et al (29) in an attempt to explain this enigma opined that the pathogenesis of PDL is better explained by virtual axial lines of Sherrington described by Miura (7) other than the clonal-Blaschko theory proposed by Krivo (28). Blaschko lines correspond to distribution of linear nevoid conditions, or dermatomal lines.(30,31) The axial lines of Sherrington coincide with subsets of Voigt’s line and cutaneous nerve distributions that divide dermatomes when noncontiguous dorsal root give rise to two contiguous dermatome (7,29). Additionally, melanogenesis are under neural control, and nerve endings may be different in their sensitivity to neural stimulation resulting in dual population of melanocyte with subtle variation in pigmentation in-between dermatomes given rise to PDL (6). How to cite Type-B PDL, Papers

Overview of Corporate Philanthropy Crown

Question: Discuss about theOverview of Corporate Philanthropy for Crown. Answer: Introduction The act of a business or a corporation which promotes the wellbeing of others is known as Corporate Philanthropy. Such acts are usually done by the means of charitable donations of time and funds (Ehrlich, 2013). More and more organizations are taking part in philanthropic acts by increasing the amount of donations to the charities, as well as, to the nonprofit organizations. This has made the concept of Corporate Philanthropy a hot topic. In the following parts, a discussion has been carried over the various definitions of Corporate Philanthropy and an analysis has been carried regarding the existing literature on it. Further, a company has been chosen, Crown, and the Corporate Philanthropy program of the company has been detailed. Lastly, a link has been established between the activities of Crown and the literate available on Corporate Philanthropy. Corporate philanthropy is related to the executive side of the management where the senior members of the company make decisions regarding the delegation of grants or funds for the philanthropic purposes. Corporate philanthropy is bigger than the individual philanthropy, as the companies have higher capacities, as compared to an individual (Scott, 2012). As per the recent literature on corporate philanthropy, this concept is facing a downwards turn. The charitable contributions have fallen during the last 15 years (Porter and Kramer, 2002). The reason behind this decline is that the senior management is often caught between the demand of higher levels of corporate social responsibility and the investors pressure to maximize the profits. No matter how much a corporate donates, the critics demand more. This has led to creation of strategies regarding the philanthropy. It is often argued that corporate philanthropy does not yield the tangible results to the companies, and yet the companies adopt it as a corporate strategy to attain significant returns for the company. Corporate philanthropy is not merely the charitable donations but includes expert advice, technological support, employee volunteers as well as long term commitments which are targeted towards the social problems (Vaidyanathan, 2008). Further, in the growing competitive world, a lack of social investments would harm the society, which is dependent on such activities. Also, these activities act as a reputational capital which helps an organization in creating goodwill (Levy, 1999). So, it can be concluded from these literatures that corporate philanthropy is crucial to not only the benefiters of such activities, but also to the management. The various literatures on this topic find that the corporate indulge in the activities of corporate philanthropy to not only attain and retain customers but also to attract shareholders and maximize the shareholder value. Further, such studies dictate that larger companies are more likely to indulge in such activities, as they are subjected to a high degree of public scrutiny (Brammer, Pavelin and Porter, 2008). A global analysis has revealed the importance of domestic cultural factors in the worldwide social responsiveness of the international companies. Crown Resorts Limited, or Crown, is one of the largest entertainment groups in Australia. The core activities and investments of the group are in the sector of integrated resorts. In Australia, Crown is the owner and operator of two of the countrys leading integrated resorts, Crown Perth Entertainment Complex and Crown Melbourne Entertainment Complex. In London, Crown is the owner and operator of Crown Aspinall's. The company holds a substantial interest in the MCE (Melco Crown Entertainment Limited) which is listed on the NSADAQ. MCE operates casinos and hotel properties in Macau and this includes the Altira Macau and the City of Dreams along with the Mocha Clubs business (Crown, 2013). The Crown Resort Foundation, which is a part of the company, makes various grants towards the community welfare, arts, health care, environment and the education. Crown Resorts along with the Packer Family Foundations have started a National Philanthropic Fund. In the first year of its 10 year journey, the fund aims to provide $200 million of funding to the communities in Australia. The National Philanthropic Fund would be administered via two different funds, the $100 million National Arts Fund and the $100 million Community Partnerships and Indigenous Education Fund. An important element of the National Arts Fund is the $30 million Western Sydney Arts Initiative. In the very first year of this initiative, the selected 30 programs have reached many students, and as a result engaged more than 100 schools, and 65 arts and community organizations. Such programs would enhance the art capacity of Western Sydney and would engage the Australians into education by use of art as a medium. The Indigenous Education Fund and the Community Partnerships provide the necessary financial support to the crucial community organizations. A special emphasis in this regard is given to the empowerment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders by the medium of education. Crown is focused on the community approach so as to formulate an environment of trust and security in the children. Further, the children would also benefit from a proper school based education system. The company has provided 6 new multiyear grants to the Indigenous education organizations. Crown Resorts Foundation is contributing to the amount of $100 million in the National Philanthropic Fund (Crown Resorts, 2015). This initiative of the Company has been reported by Probono Australia. The full structure of the fund has been explained in this report (Staff Reporter, 2014). The National Philanthropic Fund and its various programs were also covered by the ABC News. This report covered the positive review of the Fund by the receivers of the benefits, which resulted from this fund. MTC or the Melbourne Theatre Company was the first beneficiary and the executive director of MTC regarded it as a great initiative (ABC News, 2014). Favorable reports with regards to the fund were also reported in the Daily Telegraph. This report also focused on the history of Packer family which has been constantly engaged in charitable causes by donating millions to not-for-profit organizations. This report also covered the segment where the Philanthropy Australia chief executive, Louise Walsh, expected that the bigheartedness of the Crown Resorts would persuade the other corporate boards to donate wards philanthropic a ctivities. He also expected to see some huge gifting process in the country and he considered it as fantastic (Lehman, 2014). In the recent literature on Corporate Philanthropy, it has been said that the trend of this concept is on decline (Weeden, 2011). But linking the literature to the initiatives of Crown proves another story. Crown has started new initiatives towards Corporate Philanthropy by starting a huge fund in collaboration with another group. This Fund is the proof that the top management is still indulged in the activities relating to philanthropy. And it has been done rightly, as the company has received a lot of media coverage, as a result of this initiative. Apart from the media coverage, Crown has received positive feedbacks from not only the beneficiaries of the fund, but also from the general public in terms of better public image. The literatures have rightly covered that the corporate philanthropy does not only cover the charitable donations but includes expert advice, technological support, employee volunteers as well as long term commitments which are targeted towards the social problems. And as held in the literatures, the domestic factors do impact the type of initiatives taken by the companies with regards to philanthropy. The National Philanthropic Fund of Crown is purely based on these initiatives towards the betterment of the community. This fund not only covered monetary donations but also contained the help to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, as well as towards the Western Sydney Arts Initiative. Australia has been facing problems relating to the indigenous population and the initiatives of Crown are focused on this population. The fund also focused on inculcating better education in children to help them grow in a better manner. So, even though the literature says that corporate philanth ropy does not yield the tangible results to the companies but still Crown has adopted it as a corporate strategy to attain significant returns by benefiting the society. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that corporate philanthropy is an integral part of businesses in the present age. Even with the recent decline in the practices of corporate philanthropy, the organizations are still working in this regard. The importance of corporate philanthropy has not dampened by the unstoppable demands of the critics. The corporates have identified the importance of philanthropy to the society and the level of dependency on such activities. This has focused them to continue the good work in this regard. The benefits may not be in terms of short term profits, but in the long run, a responsible business is more likely to be preferred by the consumers, as compared to a business which is not indulged in such activities. Lastly, the domestic factors in Australia relating to the indigenous population have been focused by the company in its philanthropic initiatives. So, it can be rightly concluded that the corporate philanthropy in Australia, matches the va rious literatures available on the topic of corporate philanthropy. References ABC News. (2014) James Packer launches $200 million philanthropic fund to support arts and Indigenous education. [Online] ABC News. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-22/packers-launch-200m-national-philanthropic-fund/5614840 [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Brammer, S.J., Pavelin, S., and Porter, L.A. (2008) Corporate charitable giving, multinational companies and countries of concern. [Online] Henley Business School. Available from: https://www.henley.ac.uk/web/files/management/061.pdf [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Crown Resorts. (2015) Crown Resorts and Packer Family Foundations National Philanthropic Fund Annual Review 2015. [Online] Crown Resorts. Available from: https://www.crownresorts.com.au/CrownResorts/files/c6/c68a8a1e-cda3-4be4-904b-9191a99d7021.pdf [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Crown. (2013) About Us. [Online] Crown. Available from: https://www.crownresorts.com.au/about-us/crown [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Ehrlich, E. (2013) Defining Corporate Philanthropy. [Online] Double the Donation. Available from: https://doublethedonation.com/blog/2013/09/defining-corporate-philanthropy/ [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Lehman, J. (2014) James Packers gift to Australia: Crown Resorts will pump $200 million into charities over the next ten years. [Online] The Daily Telegraph. Available from: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/james-packers-gift-to-australia-crown-resorts-will-pump-200-million-into-charities-over-the-next-ten-years/news-story/cdbbbfbade8ef6df0a1acc8f54ed0075 [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Levy, R. (1999) Give and Take: A Candid Account of Corporate Philanthropy. Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press. Porter, M.E., and Kramer, M.R. (2002) The Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy. [Online] Harvard Business Review. Available from: https://hbr.org/2002/12/the-competitive-advantage-of-corporate-philanthropy [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Scott, R. (2012) Corporate Philanthropy Definition - Volunteer and Fundraising Edition. [Online] Causecast. Available from: https://www.causecast.com/blog/corporate-philanthropy-definition-volunteer-and-fundraising-edition [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Staff Reporter. (2014) Packer Family Pledges $200M Philanthropic Fund. [Online] Probono Australia. Available from: https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2014/07/packer-family-pledges-200m-philanthropic-fund/ [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Vaidyanathan, B. (2008) Corporate Giving: A Literature Review. [Online] Science of Generosity. Available from: https://generosityresearch.nd.edu/assets/11795/corporate_giving.pdf [Accessed on: 21/09/16] Weeden, C. (2011) Smart Giving Is Good Business: How Corporate Philanthropy Can Benefit Your Company and Society. US: Jossey-Bass

Alcohol Is The Intoxicating Part Of Beer, Wine And Liquors-the Part Th

Alcohol is the intoxicating part of beer, wine and liquors-the part that causes drunkenness. It is formed during fermentation, the process that creates the alcohlolicbeverage. When sugars from the fruits or grains are combined with yeast and water, alcohol results. Alcohol is a drug and, like all drugs, it has an effect on a person's body and mind. Because drinking alcoholic beverages makes some people feel more alive and more outgoing, alcohol is sometimes seen as a stimulant. But in fact it is a depressant, and slows down the central nervous system, of which the brain is a part. Small amounts of alcohol can affect a person's coordination and judgment. Drinking a large amount of alcohol at one time can even cause death. Alcohol is estimated to be contributing factor in 20-30% of all accidents. In fatal car accidents involving young men after 10pm it is a contributory factor in 60% of these cases. About 30% of all drowning are estimated to be alcohol related. This proportion may rise to 50% between the ages 20-30. Alcohol is also a poisonous. It must be broken down and removed from the body. However, it leaves behind toxins, or poisons, that can cause health problems and contribute to serious diseases. Beer contains the least amount of alcohol, about 3-6%. Wine is 8-14 percent alcohol. Distilled spirits have a much higher alcoholic content. The alcoholic content of gin, scotch, vodka, whiskey, rum, and bourbon is about 40%. When alcohol enters the body this is what happens. Within 20 minutes of entering the stomach, as much as 20% of the alcohol in a drink is absorbed into the bloodstream. The rest remains in the stomach where it stimulates the secretion of gastric juices. Large amounts of alcohol en tering an empty stomach can irritate the gastric lining and cause the stomach to become inflamed. From the stomach, the alcohol passes into the small intestine. Here the rest of it is absorbed through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, about 5 percent of alcohol leave the body unchanged through urine, sweat, or exhaled breath. Next the alcohol travels via the bloodstream to the heart. Small amounts of alcohol produce a slight increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Larger amounts reduce pumping power of the heart and can cause an irregular heartbeat. The heart then pumps the alcohol through the blood vessels to other parts of the body, including the brain. Drinking puts on pounds, right? Wrong! It is widely thought that drinking alcohol leads to increases in weight, but this common belief is not supported by scientific evidence. For example, a recent review of 38 studies found that over two-thirds of them showed either weight loss or no relationship in alcohol and weight. The reason alcohol does not generally lead to weight gain is currently the subject of scientific debate and investigation. However, one thing is clear: the majority of medical research studies over the past ten years have found that moderate consumption of alcohol does not lead to weight gain. Recent Harvard study found the risk of death from all causes to be 21% to 28% lower among men who drank alcohol moderately compared to abstainers. (World Health Organization) Almost one half of seniors drink alcohol at least once a month, about 20% drink at least once a week. Nearly one third of ninth graders drink alcohol at least once a month 12% drink at least once a week. Regular use of alcohol has not changed significantly since 1989. (Casey ! 1) Crime is inextricably related to alcohol and other drugs. (AOD) Annually 480,000 arrests for liquor law violations and 704,000 arrests for drunkenness for alcohol. Alcohol is a key factor in up to 68% of manslaughter's, 62% of assaults, 54% of murders or attempted murders, 48% of robberies, 44% of burglaries. In 1992 there were 6,839 deaths due to alcohol. A couple years back 64% of all reported child abuse and neglect cases in New York City were associated AOD abuse. (Lang 55) While the moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with better health and longer life than is abstinence, the heavy consumption of alcohol, especially over a period of many years, can lead to serious health

BIOPOLAR DISORDER RESEARCH PAPER

BIOPOLAR DISORDER RESEARCH PAPER Free Online Research Papers According to the National Institute Mental Health (NIMH) booklet (2008), Bipolar disorder is commonly known for a manic-depressive illness. This is caused by a brain disorder that usually shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and carried out day by day. The symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. The different norms that can go from up or down moods. Bipolar symptoms can damage a healthy relationship, job and school performance, and even suicidal. People with bipolar disorder can live a productive life with the proper treatment. Bipolar disorder can be diagnosis in early teens or early adult years. Before the age of 25 there has been some case studies diagnosis with bipolar disorder. Some people may have been diagnosis in their early childhood, while others have been diagnosis in their late adult years. Bipolar disorder is hard to determine in the beginning. The symptoms are hard to recognize because the problems are separated. The diagnosis may have placed the problem in a different category. People may have suffered over years before getting treatment or diagnosis. This is a long-term illness and must be treated like diabetes or heart diseases. Symptoms People with intensive mood episodes are commonly diagnosis for bipolar disorder. There state of mind is like an emotional roller coaster. Several episodes a person could have being bipolar (NIMH booklet, 2008). Manic episode: a person who is overly joyful or overexcited. Depressive episode: a person who is extremely sad or hopeless state. Mixed episode: a person who has both manic and depression. During a mood episode a person may also become irritated and explosive. Bipolar disorder may also cause a long lasting experience in unstable moods. Most of the day or nearly every day a person with bipolar disorder may experience a number of manic or depression episodes. This could last between one or two weeks. Some of the symptoms are so severe that a person cannot perform correctly on the job or school. According to Veronica fisher (2007), the other episodes that determine bipolar disorder, hypomania and severe mania. Hypomania is a person with increased energy and activity levels. They also feel good, function well and very productive. Family and friends may recognize some of the symptoms. But people with hypomania are in denial about their actions. Hypomania without the proper treatment could lead to severe mania or depression. In a mixed episode a person could have trouble sleeping, become agitated, appetite change and suicidal. People with bipolar disorder may have severe episodes that may cause manic or depression. Psychotic symptoms also occur in people with bipolar disorder. The symptoms can be from hallucinations and delusions. People with psychotic symptoms have extreme reflected moods. Some diagnosis can be determined wrong. People with psychotic behavior are often diagnosis of being schizophrenia because of the hallucinations and delusions. People with bipolar disorder may also have behavior problems and substance abuse with alcohol or drugs. Their relationships and poor work habits may also be affected by it. Diagnostic challenges According to NIMH booklet (2008), people try to treat their bipolar symptoms with substance abuse. This pro-long the process by triggering the behavior control. The mania result causes a person to drink too much. Other disorders that can be diagnosis with bipolar disorder are: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD) Social phobia Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) These symptoms may overlap with bipolar disorder and cause a restless and easy distracted area. Other diseases can also be determined in bipolar patients such as: thyroid disease, migraine headaches, heart diseases, obesity and other physical illnesses. These illnesses may cause mania or depression. Some of these illnesses may cause a problem in diagnosis and treatment (NIMH Booklet 2008). Common assessing tools A person with bipolar disorder must take the first step to see a doctor. After seeing a doctor a physical exam an interview is given. Lab tests are being ran to determine if any illnesses are found. Once blood work has been found negative and no signs of stroke or brain tumor the doctor can begin mental health evaluation. A referral may also be provided to a trained mental health professional, who is experienced in diagnosis and treatment. Family history should be discussed during evaluation to determine if any history of bipolar disorder or mental illnesses. An interview should also be given to close family or friends. People with mania or hypomania symptoms are more likely to seek help. A medical history should be carefully examined to assure that bipolar disorder is not mistakenly diagnosis or treated. Most effective treatment Bipolar disorder has not been properly cleared for a cure. No cure for the disorder and most people depend on the proper treatment to control their mood swings and related symptoms. Bipolar does have a lifetime recurrent illness and people are diagnosis need a lifetime supply of treatment. Medication and psychotherapy are an effective treatment plan that helps prevent relapse and symptom severities. Having a daily life chart can help the doctor keep track of the patient’s mood, treatment, sleep patterns and life events (NIMH Booklet 2008). According to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA, 2007), some of the medication may have some side affect that may cause a trauma or severe illness. The following medications are: Mood stabilizers Atypical Antipsychotics Antidepressants Psychotherapy is another word for â€Å"talk† therapy. In talk therapy it provides support, education, and guidance to people and their family who are diagnosis with bipolar disorder the psychotherapy treatments are (NIMH Booklet, 2008): Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) this helps people with bipolar disorder to change negative thought patterns to positive. Family-focused therapy involves the family and it educates the family on recognizing early behavior before it reoccurs. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy helps improves people with bipolar disorders relationships with others and it manages their daily routines. Psychoeducation educates people with the disorder about the illness and treatment. It also helps them to recognize a sign if a relapse seeks early. Developmental or breakthrough within five years According to NIMH (April 2007), â€Å"A clinical trial called Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) was funded. In this study researchers compared two large groups. In the first group was treated with collaborative care (three sessions of Psychoeducation over six weeks). The second group was treated with medication and intensive psychotherapy (30 sessions over nine months of CBT, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, or family-focused therapy)†. According to the researchers they found that the second group had fewer relapses than the first one also there was a lower hospitalization rates and they felt better about sticking to the treatment. NIMH believes that by supporting this research more cases can be solved through combinations of psychotherapy and medication. They want people to live a symptom free life from being by bipolar. They want to help research determine more accurate results of delaying the start of bipolar disorder in children and adults that are at high risk to get the illness. Reference Akiskal, HS. (2005). Mood Disorders: Clinical Features. in Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan Sadocks Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams Wilkins: Philadelphia Bizarre JV, Sbrana A, Rucci P, May 2007, â€Å"The spectrum of substance abuse in bipolar disorder: reasons for use, sensation seeking and substance sensitivity. P. 213-220. Fisher, Veronica. (March 2007). â€Å"Different Bipolar Disorder Symptoms of the Manic and Depressive Phases.† P.1-2 Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. (2007) Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression, Second Edition. Oxford University Press: New York. Kessler RC, Berglund P., June 2005, â€Å"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Co morbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 62(6):593-602. Research Papers on BIOPOLAR DISORDER RESEARCH PAPERPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Trailblazing by Eric AndersonBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part OneThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Cultural Background Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Background - Essay Example Furthermore the maintenance of a staple food, rice and beans with pork, reminds me of the local flavors and aromas native to my country. Btu I think what contributes the most to maintaining a connection to our cultural background seems to have already been established by previous generations of Puerto Ricans. Since Puerto Ricans have been arriving to this country since the 1800s, there has already been collective social action in advocating political and social rights and preserving the heritage. There are more stateside Puerto Ricans in the states; about four million since the beginning of the twenty-first century then there are in Puerto Rico since 2003. There are contributions in all fronts from the entertainment industry, the labor market, the political aspect, and integrating celebration of Puerto Rican culture whenever possible. Currently there are at least fifty Puerto Rican parades that can be participated in across the nation and the majority of Puerto Ricans live together i n small communities, the largest in New York City, keeping ties to the culture tight.

Given the current economic downturn argue the case for AND against Essay

Given the current economic downturn argue the case for AND against employers maintaining work life balance initiatives - Essay Example Therefore, complains from different families and housewives have triggered discussions concerning the issue of work-life balance. Scholars have also tried to support the idea of work-life and work-family balance form the point of view that; there is critical importance of play and relaxation in the generation of mental energy (Guest, 2002: 261). Others have also argued from the point of view of the proverb that says ‘All work but no play makes Jack a dull boy’. With the current economic downturn, there are a lot of activities that a person can engage in other than concentrating on work only. Statistics also show that the rate of family break ups in the United States is exceptionally high due to work reasons. Husbands have all their time taken by work without setting aside time for family and other extra-curricular activities. Scholars also assert that the productivity at work is directly related to the social life of a person (Clutterback, 2003: 1). Therefore, work-balan ce is an issue that has gained attention over the recent past years. Studies conducted have shown that imbalance of employees’ lives and their work creates a lot of problems to both the organization and their families. Some of the problems reported noticed from employees include absenteeism due to stress, failure to retain talent, insufficient initiative and creativity, low levels of customer service, unethical behaviour and low commitment and motivation (Chick, 2004). Other conflicts involved with work-life imbalance include role overload, work-family interference and family-work interference. Role overload occurs when there are a lot of responsibilities both at home and work. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the individual to perform well at any of the roles. On the other hand, work-family interference conflict occurs when an individual is overwhelmed by work duties until he neglects his family responsibilities. With family-work interference, family responsibilities beco me more demanding making an individual to perform poorly at his or her work duties (CCOHS, 2010: 1). This is a conflict that is mainly experienced by women since they tend to be more involved in house work, neglecting job responsibilities. Thus, clearly both the individual and the company will be negatively affected since the individual may end up being laid off. Border theory is a cognitive theory that states that there is an ultra thin boundary between the way in which individuals change their roles from family to work and back. The theory tries to examine the way in which people assign different meanings to work and home responsibilities and frequency of transitioning between these roles. However, the major objective of the theory is to ensure balance between work, family and life. The theory seeks to ensure satisfaction on the side of the individual and good functioning both at work and home (Desrochers & Sergent, 2004: 40). The border theory gives a number for propositions in i ts application, which include it affirms that keeping work and family separate makes it easier to manage the work and family border. It can be argued from the point of view that when a person has separated family issues from work issues, he or she will be able to perform well at both of them, producing good results in both roles. This way, there will be no such issues as lack of concentration at work due to